(102) demonstrated that pretreatment with Ex-4 for a week, induced tolerance to cerebral ischemia that lasted for at least 6 days in the mouse brain after MCAO and this neuroprotective state was related to upregulation of IGF-1R which was mediated by GLP-1R and, following by activation of the IGF1R-regulated the PI3K/AKT/mTOR/HIF-1 pathway by binding to IGF-1
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ResearchGate - Fistulas Healing
This stacking approach lacks formal study but has theoretical basis
As a general procedure, the investigators directly performing the experimental procedures were not blinded to the group allocation, but data analyses by senior authors were largely conducted independently to avoid potential bias
moreover, meta-regression analysis revealed a linear inverse association between the dosage and significant change in MDA (Reference Rasaei, Asbaghi and Samadi31)