+ B12 injections suit vegetarians and vegans who do not eat animal foods, patients with confirmed absorption issues such as pernicious anaemia, coeliac disease or significant IBS, older adults whose stomach acid has dropped with age, and patients on long-term metformin or proton-pump inhibitors that lower B12 absorption
It is found in less food sources and can become a common issue, especially for those who do not eat animal meat
The PGD will not cover administration of hydroxocobalamin for use as a diet or health supplement
While these studies exist, they are even more preliminary than the gastrointestinal and musculoskeletal research
These are not the same measurement system, and converting between them requires knowing your vial concentration
[43] Should You Supplement with Vitamin B12