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Diana Mesa, RDN, LDN, CDCES, founder of En La Mesa Nutrition, agrees, adding that Berberine does have some similarities [to GLP-1 RA medications] in that it can trigger the pancreas to release insulin and helps make cells more sensitive to the effect of insulin, which is a characteristic similar to what Metformin [another prescription medication prescribed to treat type 2 diabetes and other off-label conditions] does. Still, she notes that its unclear whether or not Berberine has any appetite-suppressing effects like Ozempic and similar medications
For example, the fact that insulin levels go down may have to do not only with Metformins effect on glucose, but because autophagy has increased, mitochondrial function is better, genetic stability is good, etc
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This is also true for semaglutide
After supplementation with l-carnitine, especially in group D (high-dose), the hypoxic condition was improved to some extent