10.1056/NEJMoa2206038 56 JensenA
Systemic effects that have been reported in trials, or that are mechanistically expected from elevated GH and IGF-1, include: Water retention and mild edema , particularly in the hands, ankles, and face Tingling, numbness, or 'pins and needles' (paresthesia) , sometimes linked to fluid pressure on nerves Headache and facial flushing , often shortly after administration Joint aches or stiffness (arthralgia) Transient changes in blood glucose due to GH's counter-regulatory effect on insulin Fatigue, dizziness, or a feeling of light-headedness in some individuals It is important to be candid about the limits of this evidence
The injectable forms such as Ozempic and Wegovy mostly need to be stored in the refrigerator but can be at normal temperature for some time depending on whether the bottles are opened or not
Its activity is studied through copper transport and signaling interactions rather than one receptor
Cited studies PMID 41418663 "Provisional Treatment of Volumetric Muscle Loss With Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Releasing Muscle Void Fillers." ( Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology , 2026)
the reverse is true during fasting, which suppresses ANGPTL8 but induces ANGPTL4, thereby directing triglycerides to muscles
