Each is addressed individually below with what the evidence actually shows
More Serious Issues: In rare cases, particularly with high, unsupervised doses or pre-existing health problems, there are reports of liver or kidney issues
A so-called fatty (the good, non-drying kind of) alcohol that does all kinds of things in a skincare product: it makes your skin feel smooth and nice (emollient), helps to thicken up products and also helps water and oil to blend (emulsifier)
doi: 10.4014/jmb.1907.07044 60 HanscomM.LoaneD
Midstream, they increase fatty acid -oxidation and stop the cell from making oxidized lipids
Its antioxidant properties help neutralize free radicals generated by UV exposure, thereby reducing oxidative damage to the skin