GLP-1 medications mimic a hormone naturally produced in the gut, helping the body: Increase insulin secretion in response to meals Slow gastric emptying Suppress appetite and reduce cravings These mechanisms support a caloric deficit and help many patients lose weight when combined with lifestyle changes
Carlin CS, Feldman SR, Krueger JG, Menter A, Krueger GG
Changes in gut hormone and glucose concentrations in relation to hunger and fullness
There are many agents with a well known depigmenting effect like pycnogenol, orchid extract, marine algae extract, cinnamic acid, soy, aloesin, Boswellia , hydroquinone, glycolic acid, arbutin, kojic acid, ascorbate, tocopherol, niacinamide, etc
The distinction between supplements and prescriptions was nicely explained
[18] Frias JP, et al