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Vitamin B12 Injection After Gastric Surgery or Gastrointestinal Illness Gastric surgery and gastrointestinal illnesses impair intrinsic factor and stomach acid production, both necessary for oral vitamin B12 absorption
Importantly, these changes were observed without significant reductions in food consumption, pointing to enhanced energy metabolism rather than appetite suppression as the primary mechanism
Bioavailability following subcutaneous injection is estimated at approximately 80%, substantially higher than oral administration, where peptide degradation in the gastrointestinal tract limits systemic exposure
At that pH, acid hydrolysis alone proceeds slowly, but pepsin, a gastric endopeptidase with optimal activity at pH 2, cleaves specifically after aromatic and hydrophobic residues
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High-dose ubiquinol supplementation in multiple-system atrophy: a multicentre, randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial
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