This disrupts normal calcium cycling in cardiomyocytes, particularly during diastole, resulting in impaired Ca 2+ transport and excitation-contraction coupling, as evidenced by reduced contraction amplitude, left ventricular developing pressure, and an impaired force-frequency relationship (Joulin et al., 2009)
Following xenobiotic exposure, enzyme induction and its associated hepatocellular hypertrophy are not usually immediately apparent, with a maximal response occurring a few days to a week or more after exposure, since the enzyme inducer must first reach steady state, and new drug-metabolizing enzymes need to be synthesized
Malaguarnera M, Pistone G, Elvira R, Leotta C, Scarpello L, Liborio R: Effects of L-carnitine in patients with hepatic encephalopathy
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doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4000805 11
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