or liquids, sprays, drops, or tablets taken by mouth
Li S, Zhang Y, Guan Z, Ye M, Li H, You M, et al
IV Therapy: Fast-Acting and Potent How It Works Administered through an IV drip, this method bypasses the digestive system and delivers nutrients directly into the bloodstream for rapid absorption
Deficiency after gastric banding is therefore primarily related to: Reduced dietary intake and food tolerance , limiting consumption of B12-rich foods Use of acid-suppressing medicines (PPIs or H2RAs) , which can impair the release of B12 from food proteins and reduce absorption of food-bound B12 Crystalline B12 the form found in supplements and fortified foods does not require acid or pepsin for release
However, it is useful in visualizing changes in the neurosensory retina and the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)
From here, it can be slowly released over hours, exerting its effects locally