You can read more about B12 here
Their effectiveness, benefits, and recommended dosage
In other words, we cant directly extrapolate recommendations for vegans from the trials in the graphs above except to know that 500 g per day is enough for vegans based on Crane, 1998
At the same time, MOTS-c is a mitochondrial-derived peptide that has been studied for its role in cellular energy regulation
By redirecting sugar into healthy pathways, it prevents harmful byproducts from building up and damaging nerves and blood vessels (Beltramo et al., 2008)
This pathway: Promotes synaptogenesis the formation of new synaptic connections between neurons Mimics BDNF activity downstream effects on neuronal survival, plasticity, and growth Enhances hippocampal function the hippocampus is critical for memory formation and retrieval Crosses the blood-brain barrier unlike BDNF itself, Dihexa is small enough to penetrate the BBB The result is enhanced neural plasticity the brain's ability to reorganize and form new connections, which underlies learning, memory, and cognitive performance