[66,67] During melanogenesis, tyrosinase is responsible for the conversion of L-tyrosine to L-DOPA and subsequently to dopa-quinone, then the pathway bifurcates to produce eumelanin or phaeomelanin
In this context, glutaminase 1 (GLS1), expressed in the mitochondria of several malignant tumors (ovarian cancer, breast tumor cells, colorectal cancer), promotes glutamine degradation to support cellular proliferation [200,201,202]
doi: 10.1083/jcb.125.4.929
Adipocytes generate MCP-1 (CCL2), a chemoattractant for monocytes, dendritic cells, and memory T cells [29]
Under normal physiological conditions, GLP-1 receptors (GLP-1R) are expressed on the dendritic terminals of vagal afferents innervating the gastrointestinal tract [8], in diencephalic brain regions involved in homoeostatic and metabolic control of feeding such as the lateral hypothalamus, and the nucleus arcuatus, and also in other brain regions that specifically regulate reward processing and motivated behaviour such as the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and the nucleus accumbens (NAc) [9]
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