The results were striking: Genes upregulated by GHK-Cu include: Collagen I, III, and VII synthesis genes (structural repair) Decorin and proteoglycan genes (extracellular matrix integrity) Antioxidant defense genes (SOD2, catalase, glutathione peroxidase) BDNF and nerve growth factor genes (neural repair and neuroprotection) Anti-inflammatory cytokine genes (IL-10, TGF-1) Angiogenesis genes (VEGF, angiopoietin new blood vessel formation) Stem cell self-renewal pathways Genes downregulated by GHK-Cu include: Pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-, IL-6, IL-1) Matrix metalloproteinases MMP-1, MMP-3 (enzymes that degrade collagen and connective tissue) Oxidative stress genes Pathways associated with cancer progression and metastasis The pro-inflammatory gene suppression is particularly notable
Lambros C, Vanderberg J (1979) Synchronization of Plasmodium falciparum erythrocytic stages in culture
There's a sizeable body of literature that supports its use in dry, barrier-impaired, and breakout-prone skin
Centella Asiatica Extract: making up 29.2% of the composition, it ensures a calming effect even for the most sensitive skin
These two potent compounds, each with their respective health benefits, have long been the subject of extensive scientific research
aka [2- 13 C 1 ]-Gly) in DMEM supplemented with 10% (v/v) FBS HI for 24 h
