Once enrolled in the DAPA-CKD and DELIVER trials, adult patients were not required to discontinue therapy if eGFR fell below 25 mL/min/1.73 m2 or if dialysis was initiated
Not shown in the equation for K a is the solvent, which is generally assumed to be water for our purposes
Who Experiences More Side Effects: Higher Risk of Side Effects: Women (higher rates than men) Starting at higher doses Rapid dose escalation History of GI issues (GERD, IBS) Slower metabolism Older age Lower Risk of Side Effects: Men (lower rates than women) Gradual dose escalation Prior GLP-1 exposure Following dietary recommendations Managing Side Effects Successfully: Diet Modifications: Foods to Emphasize: Lean proteins (chicken, fish, eggs) Non-starchy vegetables Clear broths and soups Crackers, toast (for nausea) Ginger (natural anti-nausea) Peppermint tea Foods to Avoid: Fatty, greasy foods (worsen nausea) Spicy foods (irritate GI tract) Large portions (harder to digest) Carbonated drinks (increase bloating) Alcohol (worsens nausea, dehydration) High-sugar foods (blood sugar swings) Eating Strategies: Small, frequent meals (5-6 times daily) Eat slowly, chew thoroughly Stop when satisfied (dont push to full) Stay upright after eating (prevents reflux) Dont drink large amounts with meals When to Contact Your Provider: Urgent (Call Immediately): Severe abdominal pain Persistent vomiting (cant keep fluids down) Signs of dehydration (dark urine, dizziness, confusion) Severe allergic reaction Vision changes Symptoms of pancreatitis Non-Urgent (Schedule Appointment): Side effects not improving after 4 weeks Want to discuss slowing dose escalation Questions about managing side effects Considering anti-nausea medication Weight loss plateau concerns Discontinuation Rates: Due to Side Effects: Semaglutide: 6.9% discontinue Tirzepatide: 6.2% discontinue Over 93% of patients tolerate well enough to continue Long-Term Safety: Semaglutide: On market since 2017 (8 years) Extensive real-world safety data SELECT trial: Actually reduced cardiovascular events (20% reduction) No new safety concerns with longer use Tirzepatide: On market since 2022 (3 years) Growing real-world safety data Clinical trials show excellent safety profile Cardiovascular outcomes trial ongoing Both medications appear safe for long-term use based on available evidence
These cells, interestingly, lost reactivity to HMB-45 and S-100
Nutritional implications of ginger: chemistry, biological activities and signaling pathways
I was a little skeptical
