why does smokeless tobacco cause cancer (Chewing Tobacco, Dip) Risk Smokeless tobacco users exposed to

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Abbreviations ACS: Acute coronary syndromes ApoE / : Apolipoprotein-E knockout AS: Atherosclerosis CVD: Cardiovascular disease DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid e-cigarette: Electronic cigarette ECV: e-cigarette vapor eNOS: Endothelial nitric oxide synthase EPA: Environmental Protection Agency EPCs: Elevated endothelial progenitor cells HDL: High-density lipoprotein HUVECs: Human umbilical vein endothelial cells IHD: Ischemic heart disease JAK/STAT: Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription LDL: Low-density lipoprotein MI: Myocardial infarction NHIS: National Health Interview Survey Nrf2: Nuclear Factor erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 OR: Odds ratio PI3K: Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase p38 MAPK: p38 MAP kinase ROS: Reactive oxygen species SCD: Sudden cardiac death TLR9: Toll-like receptor 9 WHO: World Health Organization References Lubin JH, Couper D, Lutsey PL, Woodward M, Yatsuya H, Huxley RR (2016) Risk of cardiovascular disease from cumulative cigarette use and the impact of smoking intensity

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Pipe tobacco and smoking didnt reach Europe until the early 1500s where, as an enormously profitable cash crop, it became both a method of relaxation and indelibly linked to economic might and power: Whole cities in Europe, like Bristol and Glasgow, grew rich on the import of tobacco from slave plantations in North America

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