j represents the outcome categories, which comprises two values (i.e., diabetes and pre-diabetes) relative to the omitted reference category
Violin plots were used to plot the distributions of Morans I statistics from the simulated networks in each school under each model specification (1)(4), and stacked bar charts were used to show the relative contribution of peer selection effects, peer influence effects, and control (or alternative explaining mechanisms) to similarities between friends for each of the smoking/vaping outcomes
A recent meta-analysis of 141 cohort studies reported that even low tobacco use (one cigarette per day) increased the risk of developing coronary heart disease by between 48 and 74% and smokers consuming 20 cigarettes per day were twice as likely to develop coronary heart disease (Hackshaw et al
Hochul only recently signed it into law
Difficulty breathing: Crack overdose can result in respiratory distress, making it challenging for the individual to breathe properly
Breathless Brian Smoker vs Healthy Lungs Demonstration Model Make the effects of smoking easier to understand with this engaging smoker lungs comparison model
