In vitro cigarette smoke exposure induces memory-like ILC3s in PBMCs from asthma patients but not healthy individuals Since cigarette smoke appeared to augment sputum ILC3s and circulating CD4 + CD45RO + ILC3s in patients with asthma (but not healthy individuals), we assessed whether the smoking amount, as expressed by Pack/Year (PY), correlated with the frequencies of these ILC3 populations in asthma patients
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Many of these overlap with each other and with smoking, potentiating individual impacts
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