It has been known that CS-induced oxidative stress weakened GSH levels in airway epithelium and disrupted tight junctions, epithelial barrier integrity, finally leading to the impairment of epithelial barrier function [45, 46]
Internal emails from Juul released by the committee showed employees discussing how these programs resembled tactics used by cigarette makers in the past
Apoptosis was determined with the Annexin V-FITC/PI apoptosis detection kit (BD Bioscience, San Jose, CA, USA) and a flow cytometer (Beckman Coulter Inc., Brea, CA, USA)
Additionally, the COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the shift towards online shopping for many consumers
To explore this further, they drew on national birth certification data from the US National Vital Statistics System (NVSS) from 2016 to 2019, which included a total of 15,379,982 registered live births
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