In summary, there was a publication bias error in the publications used for this study
Ring opening readily occurs with release of energy, particularly in reactions with nucleophiles such as water, alcohols, halides, amines, and sulfhydryl compounds
Although not reviewed in this study, our scientists also estimated the population health impact of introducing a smoke-free product into Japan in 2018, including some comparisons to our original model focused on the U.S.
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Ultrasonic diffusers produce aroma without smoke or combustion
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 29(10):15221528 Hahad O et al (2021) Cigarette smoking is related to endothelial dysfunction of resistance, but not conduit arteries in the general population-results from the Gutenberg Health Study