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For patients with MASLD, quitting smoking can mitigate the progression of fibrosis and reduce the risk of cardiovascular events, which are the leading cause of mortality in this population [62, 141, 142]

Social epidemiology of dual use of electronic and combustible cigarettes among U.S

"Smokeless tobacco products flying under the radar of regulation in many countries"

Heavy smoking has been linked to increased early mortality risk in HCC patients [105]

This cellular damage activates hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), which are key players in liver fibrogenesis, contributing to the deposition of extracellular matrix proteins and the progression of fibrosis [8,9,10]