Abbreviations TP: Tobacco powder TL: Tobacco leaves TSNA: Tobacco-specific nitrosamines B1: Bacillus subtilis B1 C4: Cytobacillus oceanisediminis C4 CMC-Na: Carboxymethylcellulose sodium PDA: Potato dextrose agar PCR: Polymerase chain reactions NCBI: National Center for Biotechnology Information BLAST: Basic local alignment search tool HnB: Heat-not-burn SDE: Simultaneous distillation extraction SEM: Scanning electron microscope XRD: X-ray diffraction FTIR: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy PCoA: Principle coordination analysis LDA: Linear Discriminate Analysis LEfSe: LDA effect size C4.TP: Cytobacillus oceanisediminis C4.tobacco powder C4.TL: Cytobacillus oceanisediminis C4.tobacco leaves B1.TP: Bacillus subtilis B1.tobacco powder B1.TL: Bacillus subtilis B1.tobacco leaves NMDS: Non-metric multidimensional scaling References Alagi S, Selekcija IS, Pali R, Stojanovi G, Nikoli M (2002) Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of the oriental tobacco Yaka

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A substantial body of research, much of it produced over the past decade, establishes the scientific and medical foundation for tobacco harm reduction using smokeless tobacco products
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