Current Opinion in Biotechnology
In the meantime, mitochondrial dysfunction is induced by hepatic IR and lipid accumulation and the lipid peroxidation mediated by cytochrome p450 2E1 boost the production of reactive oxygen and promote the degradation of mitochondria (125), which could further lead to the lack of cellular energy and metabolic intermediates accumulation, all these may lead to the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, hepatocellular apoptosis and hepatic fibrogenesis, finally resulting in cirrhosis of the liver (125) ( Figure 3 )
FGF21 is a potent inducer of BAT thermogenesis and iWAT browning and also improves insulin sensitivity and weight loss 60
Additionally, macrophages within psoriatic plaques display dysregulated iron metabolism, contributing to elevated local iron levels and increased oxidative damage
Hyperlipoproteinemia, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and tobacco smoking are the main risk factors for atherosclerosis and its thrombotic complications
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