Sources : International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (2019)
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Individuals with arrhythmias or uncontrolled hypertension risk worsening cardiovascular strain, as nicotine can increase heart rate and blood pressure
[100] From the moment COHb levels reach 4.3%, VO2maxdecreases in accordance with the following equation: VO2max = 0.91(%COHb) + 2.2 Conclusions Smoking, through its basic ingredients nicotine and CO, increases oxidative stress, endothelial damage and dysfunction, is associated with significantly higher serum concentrations of total cholesterol and triglycerides, reduces the cardioprotective HDL, and by promoting intravascular inflammation represents a significant risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease
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