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In the original and offspring cohorts, heavy former and current smokers (20 pack-years) had similar cumulative pack-year distributions (eFigure in the Supplement) and CVD risk factors (eTables 1 and 2 in the Supplement)
Abbreviations ACS: Acute coronary syndromes ApoE / : Apolipoprotein-E knockout AS: Atherosclerosis CVD: Cardiovascular disease DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid e-cigarette: Electronic cigarette ECV: e-cigarette vapor eNOS: Endothelial nitric oxide synthase EPA: Environmental Protection Agency EPCs: Elevated endothelial progenitor cells HDL: High-density lipoprotein HUVECs: Human umbilical vein endothelial cells IHD: Ischemic heart disease JAK/STAT: Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription LDL: Low-density lipoprotein MI: Myocardial infarction NHIS: National Health Interview Survey Nrf2: Nuclear Factor erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 OR: Odds ratio PI3K: Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase p38 MAPK: p38 MAP kinase ROS: Reactive oxygen species SCD: Sudden cardiac death TLR9: Toll-like receptor 9 WHO: World Health Organization References Lubin JH, Couper D, Lutsey PL, Woodward M, Yatsuya H, Huxley RR (2016) Risk of cardiovascular disease from cumulative cigarette use and the impact of smoking intensity
Timothy D
So by switching to E-Cigarettes not only are you getting the same taste and feel of your cigarettes, but are cutting out the 4000+ chemicals and 50+ carcinogens that are in each cigarette you smoke!
Cigarette smoking significantly increases the risk for lung disease, and is the leading preventable cause of death in the U.S
