In a high-glucose environment, excessive mTOR inhibition and significant upregulation of Beclin-1 trigger excessive autophagy and increase the likelihood of CCSMC apoptosis [56, 57, 73]
PMID 30616998
Berridge KC, Kringelbach ML (2008) Affective neuroscience of pleasure: reward in humans and animals
have analyzed the whole exome from 903 autistic proband-mother-sibling trios [87]
Depletion of beneficial taxa such as Odoribacter (Bacteroidetes) and Lachno Clostridium (Firmicutes), along with increased abundance of pro-inflammatory taxa including Ileibacterium and Olsenella , was associated with reduced SCFA gene expression, downregulation of tight junction proteins (occludin and claudin-1), and microglial activation in the amygdala and arcuate nucleus, indicating gut barrier disruption and neuroinflammation that coincided with anxiety-like behavior
Dynamics of CNS barriers: Evolution, differentiation, and modulation