The mechanism appears to involve increased serotonin synthesis in substantia nigra (both compacta and reticulata), a regional pattern unlike any existing antidepressant drug, plus potential dopaminergic contributions given the nigrostriatal location
During aging, vital organs including the heart, liver, and kidneys undergo degenerative changes
Diarrhea peaks during the first 5 days of each dose escalation and resolves within 3-4 weeks at stable dosing
No body composition change yet
So the goal of the B12 component is correction and prevention: keeping levels from dropping during treatment, which can in turn help offset the fatigue, brain fog, and irritability that may otherwise show up around weeks 4 to 8 of GLP-1 treatment
Wolff law dictates that bone adapts to the forces placed upon it, and this applies during fracture repair as well